Tsarin thoracic na osteochondrosis yana da lalacewa ta hanyar lalacewa ga guringuntsi na intervertebral da kuma canje-canje na biyu a cikin kashin thoracic. Binciken cutar wani lokaci yana da matsala sosai, tun da yake sau da yawa "massed" kamar sauran cututtuka: ciwon zuciya na zuciya, angina pectoris, pathologies na gastrointestinal tract.
Fasalolin thoracic osteochondrosis
Irin wannan cuta ba kasafai ba ne idan aka kwatanta da mahaifa da lumbar.
Dalilin ya ta'allaka ne a cikin peculiarities na tsarin anatomical na yankin thoracic:
- shi ne mafi tsawo (ya ƙunshi 12 vertebrae);
- a cikin wannan yanki akwai ɗan lanƙwasa na halitta - kyphosis physiological, wanda ke sauke wani ɓangare na nauyin da ke haifar da tafiya mai kyau;
- Yankin thoracic yana bayyana tare da haƙarƙari da sternum, waɗanda ke yin ayyukan firam ɗin physiological kuma suna ɗaukar babban nauyi;
- a cikin sashin giciye, canal na kashin baya na yankin thoracic yana da ƙananan ƙananan;
- Ƙwayoyin thoracic sun fi sirara kuma sun fi ƙanƙanci, amma suna da tsayin daka.
A sakamakon wadannan dalilai, thoracic part ba musamman mobile, don haka osteochondrosis a cikin wannan bangare na kashin baya ne rare, amma da bayyanar cututtuka ne quite furta: suna da karfi da kuma m zafi hade da pinched kashin baya jijiyoyi, wanda ya fusata kafada. abin ɗamara da gaɓoɓin gaɓoɓi na sama da ke cikin rami na ciki da ƙirji. Saboda wannan dalili, bayyanar cututtuka na thoracic nau'i na osteochondrosis sau da yawa atypical ne, wanda ke damun ganewar asali na pathology da magani na gaba.
Ƙunƙarar ƙwayar kashin baya, kasancewar kyphosis na ilimin lissafin jiki da ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan kashin baya ya haifar da mafi kyawun yanayi don samuwar hernias intervertebral disc hernias. Tun da wani muhimmin sashi na kaya ya fadi a kan gaba da na gefe na jikin kashin baya da fayafai, diski yana komawa baya da samuwar faifan diski, ko Schmorl's hernia.
Gaban kashin baya yana fuskantar babban damuwa fiye da baya. Saboda wannan dalili, sau da yawa girma na osteophytes da prolapse na intervertebral fayafai yana faruwa a waje da kashin baya kuma baya shafar kashin baya.
Matsayi na thoracic osteochondrosis
Bayyanar cututtuka na thoracic osteochondrosis an ƙaddara ta hanyar canje-canje da ke faruwa a cikin fayafai da vertebrae, dangane da abin da aka bambanta manyan matakai hudu na cutar:
- Mataki na I yana nuna rashin ruwa na fayafai na intervertebral, sakamakon abin da suka rasa elasticity da ƙarfi, amma har yanzu suna riƙe da ikon yin tsayayya da nauyin al'ada. Tsarin ɓata diski yana farawa, tsayinsa ya ragu, kuma an kafa protrusions. Jin zafi a wannan mataki yana da sauƙi.
- A mataki na II, tsagewa suna tasowa a cikin zoben fibrous, kuma an rubuta rashin zaman lafiya na dukan sashi. Hanyoyi masu raɗaɗi suna ƙara ƙarfi kuma suna ƙaruwa lokacin lanƙwasa da wasu motsi.
- Alamar alama ta mataki na III ita ce katsewar zobe na fibrous da farkon samuwar diski na intervertebral herniated.
- A lokacin sauyawa zuwa mataki na IV, saboda rashin juriya daga diski, ƙwayar vertebrae ta fara matsawa kusa da juna, wanda ke haifar da spondyloarthrosis (rashin lafiya a cikin haɗin gwiwar intervertebral) da spondylolisthesis (karkatar da ko kawar da vertebrae). Ƙaddamar da sojojin ramawa don rage nauyin nauyi yana haifar da haɓakar vertebra, karuwa a cikin yankinsa, da daidaitawa. Sashin abin da ya shafa na zobe na fibrous ya fara maye gurbinsu da nama na kasusuwa, wanda ke iyakance ikon iyawar motsa jiki na sashen.
Digiri na thoracic osteochondrosis
A yau, ƙwararrun masana da yawa suna amfani da wata ka'ida ta daban, bisa ga abin da tsarin osteochondrosis na thoracic kashin baya ya bambanta ba ta matakai ba, amma ta digiri tare da halayen halayen su.
Ta yaya cutar digiri na farko ke bayyana kanta? A matsayinka na mai mulki, ana gano shi lokacin da diski na intervertebral ya fashe, wanda ya haifar da wuce gona da iri ko motsi kwatsam. A wannan yanayin, zafi mai zafi yana faruwa ba zato ba tsammani a cikin kashin baya. Marasa lafiya suna kwatanta shi da nassi na wutar lantarki ta cikin kashin baya. Wannan yanayin yana tare da tashin hankali na duk tsokoki.
Matsayi na biyu na osteochondrosis na thoracic ana magana ne a lokuta inda rashin kwanciyar hankali na kashin baya ya bayyana kuma bayyanar cututtuka na protrusion na fayafai na intervertebral suna tasowa. Wannan yanayin yana da wuyar gaske, yana faruwa tare da lokuta masu tsanani da kuma gafara na gaba kuma ana gano shi kawai tare da cikakken bincike na bincike.
Menene alamun bayyanar cututtuka na mataki na uku? Ciwon ya zama mai dawwama, yana haskakawa tare da jijiyar da aka lalace, kuma yana tare da asarar ɓarna a cikin babba ko ƙananan ƙafafu, canje-canje a cikin tafiya, da ciwon kai mai tsanani. A wannan mataki, ana samun wahalar numfashi da rushewar bugun zuciya ta al'ada.
Za mu iya magana game da motsawa zuwa mataki na hudu lokacin da bayyanar cututtuka ta ragu yayin da alamun rashin daidaituwa na kashin baya ya ci gaba (zamewa, karkatar da vertebrae, gyarawa dangane da juna). Osteophytes sun fara girma, a hankali suna tsunkule jijiyoyi na kashin baya da kuma matsawa kashin baya.
Alamomi da alamomi na yau da kullun
Osteochondrosis na thoracic yankin yana da quite halayyar ãyõyi, a kan tushen da wannan cuta za a iya mafi m bincikar lafiya:
- Intercostal neuralgia - sau da yawa zafi yana zama a cikin yanki ɗaya, bayan haka ya bazu cikin sauri zuwa ga kirji duka, yana tilasta marasa lafiya su kasance a cikin wani matsayi kuma suna da wahalar numfashi.
- Lokacin juyawa, motsin wuyansa, lankwasawa, ɗaga hannaye, ayyukan numfashi (shakar numfashi), zafi yana ƙaruwa sosai.
- Tsokoki na tsakiya da na sama suna fuskantar spasm mai tsanani. Har ila yau, yana yiwuwa a yi kwangilar ƙwayoyin tsoka na abs, ƙananan baya, da kafada, wanda ke da hankali a cikin yanayi (yana tasowa a matsayin amsa ga ciwo mai zafi).
- Intercostal neuralgia sau da yawa yana gaba da zafi, taurin kai, da rashin jin daɗi wanda ke faruwa a cikin kirji da baya lokacin motsi. Zafin na iya zama mai tsanani sosai kuma yana iya ɗaukar makonni da yawa ba tare da yaduwa ba, bayan haka sai ya fara shuɗewa a hankali.
- Duk alamun suna ƙara bayyana da dare. Da safe suna yin laushi sosai ko kuma suna raguwa, suna ƙaruwa tare da hypothermia, motsi (musamman masu rawar jiki da na kwatsam), kuma suna iya bayyana kansu a cikin nau'i na wasu taurin kai.
Alamun da ba a iya gani ba
Sau da yawa bayyanar cututtuka na osteochondrosis na gida a cikin kirji yana kama da wasu cututtuka.
- Kwaikwayo jin zafi halayyar cututtukan zuciya (ciwon zuciya, angina). Irin wannan ciwo na iya daɗewa sosai (ba kamar cardialgia ba), yayin da magungunan gargajiya da ake amfani da su don fadada tasoshin jini ba sa kawar da ciwo. Hakanan cardiogram ɗin yana nuna babu canje-canje.
- A cikin m mataki na thoracic osteochondrosis, na dogon lokaci (har zuwa makonni da yawa) ciwon sternum, tunawa da cututtuka na mammary gland shine yake sau da yawa. Ana iya cire su ta hanyar bincike ta likitan mammologist.
- Jin zafi a cikin ciki (yankin iliac) yayi kama da colitis ko gastritis. Lokacin da aka gano a cikin madaidaicin hypochondrium, cholecystitis, pancreatitis ko hanta yawanci ana bincikar su cikin kuskure. Irin waɗannan alamomin sau da yawa suna tare da rushewar tsarin narkewar abinci saboda lalacewar su. A irin waɗannan lokuta, wajibi ne a gano osteochondrosis na thoracic a matsayin cuta na farko wanda ke haifar da irin wannan bayyanar.
- Idan ƙananan thoracic yankin ya lalace, zafi yana mayar da hankali a cikin rami na ciki kuma yana kwatanta cututtuka na hanji, amma babu dangantaka da ingancin abincin da aka dauka da abinci. Yawan zafi yana ƙaruwa musamman saboda aikin jiki.
- Har ila yau, matsalolin tsarin haihuwa ko yoyon fitsari suna tasowa a sakamakon gurɓataccen shigar da gabobin.
- Lalacewa ga ɓangaren babba na yankin thoracic yana haifar da bayyanar cututtuka irin su ciwo a cikin esophagus da pharynx da jin dadin jikin waje a cikin kogin pharyngeal ko a cikin yankin retrosternal.
Alamun da ba a iya gani ba suna nuna bayyanar a cikin maraice maraice, rashi da safe da abin da ya faru lokacin da abubuwa masu tayar da hankali suka bayyana.
Dorsago da dorsalgia
Alamun thoracic osteochondrosis sun haɗa da ciwo na vertebral guda biyu:
- dorsago;
- dorsalgia.
Dorsago wani ciwo ne mai kaifi kwatsam wanda ke faruwa a yankin thoracic, musamman idan ya tashi tsaye bayan tsawon lokaci na zama a cikin matsayi. Ƙarfin zafin zai iya zama mai girma har mutum yana da wahalar numfashi. A wannan yanayin, akwai gagarumin tashin hankali na tsoka da iyakacin motsi a cikin sassan biyu: cervicothoracic da thoracolumbar.
Dorsalgia yana da alamun ci gaba a hankali, rashin fahimta. Tsananin zafi kadan ne - wani lokacin mutum yana iya magana game da rashin jin daɗi fiye da ciwo mai zafi. Babban fasali:
- tsawon lokaci na iya zama har zuwa kwanaki 14-20;
- ana lura da haɓakar ciwon lokacin da aka lanƙwasa zuwa tarnaƙi, gaba, ko ɗaukar numfashi mai zurfi;
- tare da dorsalgia na sama, ƙungiyoyi a cikin yankin cervicothoracic suna iyakance, tare da ƙananan dorsalgia, ƙungiyoyi a cikin yankin lumbar-thoracic suna iyakance;
- zafi yana ƙaruwa da dare kuma yana iya ɓacewa gaba ɗaya lokacin tafiya;
- ƙara yawan ciwo yana tsokanar numfashi mai zurfi da tsayin daka a matsayi ɗaya.
Bincike
Don tabbatar da ganewar asali, ana aiwatar da waɗannan abubuwa:
- Radiyon rediyo. Tare da taimakonsa zaku iya gano:
- canje-canje a cikin jiki na sashin lalacewa;
- thickening na diski;
- nakasar vertebral da ƙaura;
- bambanci a tsawo na intervertebral fayafai.
- Ƙididdigar ƙididdiga (CT) da kuma hoton maganadisu na maganadisu (MRI) sun fi ingantattun hanyoyi domin suna samar da hoto mai launi-layi na yankin da abin ya shafa.
- Ana yin Electromyography don bambance alamun cututtukan jijiyoyin da ke tasowa sakamakon matsawar tushen jijiya a cikin nau'in thoracic na osteochondrosis. An umurci jarrabawa idan waɗannan alamun sun kasance:
- rashin daidaituwa na ƙungiyoyi;
- ciwon kai;
- dizziness;
- matsin lamba.
- Laboratory gwaje-gwaje - za'ayi domin sanin matakin na alli a cikin jini da kuma ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate).